Database : HANSEN Search on : REACAO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE [Subject descriptor] References found : 25 [refine] Displaying: 1 .. 20   in format [Detailed]

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Id: 19689 Author: Mostafa, Hamdy Mahfous; Kazda, Jindrich; Irgens, Lorents; Luesse, Hans Gerd. Title: Correspondence: Acid- Fast Bacilli from Former Leprosy Regions in Coastal Norway Showing PCR Positivity for Mycobacterium leprae. Source: Int. J. Lepr;63(1):97-99, 1995. ^bilus, ^btab. Descriptors: Mycobacterium leprae/fisiol Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/1995/pdf/v63n1/v63n1cor02.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 19681 Author: Rafi, Abdolnasser; Donoghue, Helen D; Stanford, John L. Title: Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in Specimens from Treated Leprosy Patients. Source: Int. J. Lepr;63(1):42-47, 1995. ^btab. Abstract: Resumo: In this study of leprosy patients apparently cured by dapsone monotherapy, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one of the most reliable and sensitive DNA-based assays, was used for the specific detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA. Sputum and slit-skin samples from 44 such patients at Baba Baghi Leprosy Sanatorium in Iran were examined. Primers for a 530-base-pair fragment of the gene encoding the 36-kDa antigen of M. leprae were used for the study. The PCR results were compared with microscopy for acid-fast bacilli. Of the 44 sputum samples, 2 were positive by PCR (4.5%) and of the 44 slit-skin swabs taken from the same patients, 10 were PCR positive (22.7%). Only one patient was PCR positive for both sputum and slit-skin specimens (2.3%). No positive results were found by acid-fast microscopy. In total, 11 of 44 (25%) patients in this study were found to be PCR positive for M. leprae, and it was thought probable that this indicated the presence of live organisms. Particularly interesting was the statistically significant association of positive results from slit-skin swabs with paucibacillary rather than multibacillary leprosy. It is suggested that whereas relapse or immunological reaction in paucibacillary disease may result from surviving organisms, in multibacillary leprosy this may be due to re-infection. Descriptors: Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos DNA/genet Hanseníase/genet Hanseníase/fisiopatol Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/1995/pdf/v63n1/v63n1a07.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 19680 Author: Misra, Namita; Ramesh, Venkatesh; Misra, Radhey S; Narayan, N. P. S; Colston, Michael Joseph; Nath, Indira. Title: Clinical Utility of LSR/A 15 Gene for Micobacterium leprae Detection in Leprosy Tissues Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Source: Int. J. Lepr;63(1):35-41, 1995. ^bilus, ^btab. Abstract: Resumo: Skin biopsy and slit-skin smears from 46 leprosy patients and 4 nonleprosy patients were tested for the presence of Mycobacterium leprae by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers based on the sequence of the LSR/15 kD gene. The PCR was found to be specific and sensitive, with a detection level of 10 and 100 bacilli. PCR using skin biopsies gave a higher detection rate than did slit-skin smears, probably due to the higher density of bacilli in a 4-mm punch biopsy. Dot blot hybridization with radioactive probes was 10-fold more sensitive than the ethidium bromide staining. Eight patients who did not show acid-fast bacilli in tissues by the conventional methods were shown to have PCR-amplified M. leprae DNA. False-negative results were obtained in 3 cases even though formal evidence for tissue inhibitors was absent. Descriptors: Mycobacterium leprae/genet Hanseníase/compl Hanseníase/diag Hanseníase/fisiopatol Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/1995/pdf/v63n1/v63n1a06.pdf / en

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Id: 19414 Author: Zumarraga, Martin Jose; Resoagli, Edmundo Hector; Civuta, Maria Helena; Martinez, Anibal Ramon; Rott, Maria Izabel Ortiz de; Millan, Sonnia Gracia de; Caimi, Karina; Gioffre, Andrea; Alito, Alicia; Bigi, Fabiana; Cataldi, Angel Adrian; Romano, Maria Isabel. Title: PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) of mycobacterium leprae from human lepromas and from a natural case of an armadillo of Corrientes, Argentina. Source: Int. J. Lepr;69(1):21-25, Mar., 2001. ilus. Abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) which relies on the amplification of a 439-bp portion of the hsp65 gene present in all mycobacteria, followed by two distinct digestions (with BstEII and HaeIII) of the PCR product, offers a rapid and easy alternative that allows identification of the species without the need for specialized equipment. Wild leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is characterized by the presence of multiple bacilli in internal organs such as lymph nodes, spleen and liver, as well as in nerves and skin. We could observe this in 9 out of 132 animals captured in Corrientes, Argentina, an area endemic for leprosy in humans. Mycobacterium leprae were recognized in those naturally infected animals through different techniques. Three samples of extracted DNA of the mycobacteria present in the spleen, liver and popliteal lymph node of a naturally infected animal during the Experimental Program in Armadillo (PEA) and three samples of human lepromas were processed by PRA. The patterns of the six samples analyzed were identical and were characteristic of M. leprae. These studies, made for the first time in Argentina, corroborate the initial discoveries in South America made by our investigative group on the detection of armadillos naturally infected with the Hansen bacillus.(AU)^ien. Descriptors: Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos Mycobacterium leprae/genet Mycobacterium leprae/imunol Mycobacterium leprae/fisiol Limits: Animais Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/2001/pdf/v69n1/v69n1a03.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 19380 Author: Shabaana, Abdul Khader; Venkatasubramani, Rajendran; Shanker Narayan, Nallakandypanangadan; Hoessli, Daniel C; Dharmalingam, Kuppamuthu. Title: Cytokine profiles in paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of lepromatous leprosy patients: semi-quantitative measure of cytokine mRNA using RT-PCR. Source: Int. J. Lepr;69(3):204-214, Sept., 2001. ilus, tab. Abstract: A reproducible technique for fixation of tissue, RNA extraction and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis from paraffin-embedded leprosy biopsies, has been developed and used to study the mRNA profiles. This approach is valuable in retrospective analysis of gene expression, and the handling of infectious biopsy material is also minimized. Among the methods of RNA extraction compared, the most efficient method was found to be incubation of the tissue sections in digestion buffer followed by extraction with Trizol. The experimental conditions were optimized for first strand cDNA synthesis and PCR, and used to measure the quantity of cytokine transcripts in biopsy materials. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA was detectable in all cases examined, which correlates well with other earlier reports using frozen tissues. However, IL-5 transcripts were present in 60% of the biopsies, unlike the earlier reports which showed IL-5 mRNA in all LL cases. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA was detected in 80% of the biopsies, and this confirmed earlier immuno-cytochemical data which showed TGF-beta protein in all cases. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was found in about 60% of the biopsies; whereas interferon gamma mRNA was detected in 30% of the LL cases. In conclusion, the results obtained in our study confirm and extend earlier observations which examined cytokines in peripheral blood cells and dermal lesions of leprosy. The simplicity of this method would allow the examination of a large number of samples across the spectrum of leprosy.(AU)^ien. Descriptors: Hanseníase Virchowiana/genet Hanseníase Virchowiana/imunol Hanseníase Virchowiana/fisiopatol Citocinas/genet RNA Mensageiro/genet Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos Limits: Humanos Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/2001/pdf/v69n3/v69n3a04.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 19359 Author: Jadhav, Rupendra S; Macdonald, Murdo; Bjune, G; Oskam, L. Title: Simplified PCR detection method for nasal Mycobacterium leprae. Source: Int. J. Lepr;69(4):299-307, Dec., 2001. ilus, tab. Abstract: We report here a simplified method for the detection of nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae. DNA extracted from nasal swabs was analyzed by PCR, and M. leprae specific amplicons detected by means of a novel peptide-nucleic-acid-ELISA (PNA-ELISA) method. Parameters for the method were established using swabs taken from untreated lepromatous leprosy patients. We have developed this method to study nasal carriage in endemic populations. However, due to the sensitivity of PCR based techniques, we wished to assess the possibility of false positive samples arising in our method. We therefore examined samples taken from individuals in Norway, a country non-endemic for leprosy, using our technique. A total of 219 nasal swabs were collected and tested in our laboratory in London. All of these were found to be negative by our criteria. In order to corroborate our results, and also to assess the specificity of the method, a small number of these samples were randomly selected, and a known amount of M. leprae DNA added to them. All 219 samples were then retested using the same techniques under [quot ]double blind[quot ] conditions in our laboratory in India. All of the samples to which M. leprae DNA had been added were successfully identified by this method whereas all other swabs were negative. Taken together, these results suggest that the technique described here is simple, sensitive, and specific for use in large-scale epidemiological studies. This study, part of the larger MILEP 2 study, represents the first use of a PNA-PCR method for an epidemiological study of infection. The method using PNA-ELISA is significantly simpler and more rapid than gel based detection methods. The supply of laboratory consumables and overall detection procedure were simplified and standardized by use of PCR Ready-to-Go beads.(AU)^ien. Descriptors: Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos Mycobacterium leprae/genet Mycobacterium leprae/imunol Mycobacterium leprae/fisiol Limits: Humanos Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/2001/pdf/v69n4/v69n4a01.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 18511 Author: Bakker, M. I; Hatta, M; Kwenang, A; Van Mosseveld, P; Faber, W. R; Klatser, P. R; Oskam, L. Title: Risk factores for developing leprosy -A population-based cohort study in Indonesia. Source: In: Bakker, Mirjam.Epidemiology and prevention of leprosy: a cohort study in Indonesia^ien. s.l, The Netherlands Leprosy Relief, 2005. p.106-124^btab, ^bgraf. Abstract: This study identified risk factors for developing leprosy through yearly incidence rates in five island populations. Personal factors, like age, sex, household size and the presence of M.leprae-specific antibodies as well as contact were studied. Of the 94 index patients (patients diagnosed in 2000) 43 (46%) were classified as multibacillary (MB), 17 (19%) were seropositive and 6 (7%) presented M.leprae DNA in nasal swabs as determined by polumerase chain reaction (PCR). All PCR positive patients were also seropositive. Forty-four of the 4903 persons initially without symptoms of leprosy developed leprosy in almost four years follow-up, giving an incidence rate of 2.98 per 1000 person-years. Men had a 2.2 times higher risk (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.2-4.1) to developd leprosy than women. Persons living in households of more than 7 household members. Persons who were seropositive in 2000 had a 3.7 times higher risk (95% CI:1.1-12.4) than seronegative persons. Household contacts of MB patients had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 4.6 (95% CI:1.6-12.9) and household contacts of PCR positive patients an aHR of 9.36 (95% CI: 2.5-34.9) compared to non-contacts. Patients with PCR positive nasal swabs, suggesting nasal excretion of M.leprae, are probably the patients with the highest transmission patential. Since all index patients who were PCR positive were also seropositive, serology semms an adequate tool to identify these patients. Preventing seropositive persons to become seropositive patients and thus the main source of infection may break the chain of transmission (AU)^ien. Descriptors: HANSENIASE/congen HANSENIASE/compl HANSENIASE/diag ELISA/normas ELISA/util REACAO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE/métodos REACAO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE/util ANALISE ESTATISTICA Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO Humanos Location: BR191.1; WC335.300, B179e

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Id: 18419 Author: Patrocinio, Lucas Gomes; Goulart, Isabela Maria Bernardes; Goulart, Luiz Ricardo; Patrocinio, Jose Antonio; Ferreira, Frederico Regerio; Fleury, Raul Negrao Title: Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in nasal mucosa biopsies by the polymerase chain reaction ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2005. 6 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Several discoveries about leprosy indicate that Mycobacterium leprae transmission mainly accurs by inhalation, and the nose is major port of entry and exit. The present study evaluated the clinical application of PCR for detection of M. leprae DNA in nasal mucosa biopsies in untreated leprosy patients (52) and their contacts (99) from the State Reference Center in Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. PCR detection of a 372-base pair DNA fragment from M. leprae was accomplished in 36 (69.2%) patients, from which 34 (91.9%) of them were multibacillaries. Furhermore, PCR was positive in 3 (16.7%) of 18 slit-skin smear negative, 4 (25.0%) of 16 skin lesion BI negative, 8 (33.3%) of 24 nasal mucosa BI negative patients, and 10 of 99 contacts (10.1%). The presence of bacilli in 10.1% of the contats may potentially reflect an occult leprosy, and reflect an occult leprosy, and these patients must be accompanied, followed by a chemoprophylaxy treatment. Considering all PCR results against clinical and BI classification of patients and controls, we have found a sensitivity of 69.2%, a specificity of 89.9% and an accuracy of 82.8%. It has been demonstrated here through PCR of nasal biopsies that the bacillus invades the mucosa, passing through the nasal inferior turbinate to reach peripheral blood. Therefore, the molecular investigation of invasive nasal biopsies by PCR tests has proven to be useful in defining patients of higher risk of transmission and risk-group contacts, which is an important step ti reach the World Health Organization objective towards the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem (AU). Descriptors: MUCOSA NASAL/imunol MUCOSA NASAL/les MUCOSA NASAL/microbiol MUCOSA NASAL/patol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/isol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/ultraest REACAO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE/estatíst REACAO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE/tend REACAO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE/util - BIOPSIA/estatíst  BIOPSIA/tend  BIOPSIA/util  HANSENIASE/clas  HANSENIASE/diag  HANSENIASE/microbiol  HANSENIASE/patol Limits: HUMANO Location: BR191.a; 09307/s

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Id: 17691 Author: Scollard, D. M; Adams, L. B; Gillis, T. P; Krahenbuhl, J. L; Truman, R. W; Williams, D. L Title: The continuing challenges of leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2006. 44 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Leprosy is best understood as two conjoined diseases. The first is a chronic mycobacterial infection that elicits an extraordinary range of cellular immune responses in humans. The second is a peripheral neuropathy that is initiated by the infection and the accompanying immunological events. The infection is curable but not preventable, and leprosy remains a major global health problem, especially in the developing world, publicity to the contrary notwithstanding. Mycobacterium leprae remains noncultivable, and for over a century leprosy has presented major challenges in the fields of microbiology, pathology, immunology, and genetics; it continues to do so today. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of M. leprae and the host response to it, especially concerning molecular identification of M. leprae, knowledge of its genome, transcriptome, and proteome, its mechanisms of microbial resistance, and recognition of strains by variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Advances in experimental models include studies in gene knockout mice and the development of molecular techniques to explore the armadillo model. In clinical studies, notable progress has been made concerning the immunology and immunopathology of leprosy, the genetics of human resistance, mechanisms of nerve injury, and chemotherapy. In nearly all of these areas, however, leprosy remains poorly understood compared to other major bacterial diseases. (AU). Descriptors: Antiinfecciosos/TU Proteínas de Bactérias/ME Vacinas Bacterianas Modelos Animais de Doenças Suscetibilidade à Doença/IM Resistência Bacteriana a Drogas Genes Bacterianos/GE Predisposição Genética para Doença Genoma Bacteriano Imunidade Celular Imunidade Natural/GE Hansenostáticos/PD/TU Hanseníase/*/DI/MI/TH Mycobacterium leprae/*/CH/DE/IP/PH Nervos Periféricos/MI Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/MI/PA Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Células de Schwann/IM/MI Limits: HUMANO ANIMAL CAMUNDONGOS SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Location: BR191.1; 09365/S

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Id: 17565 Author: Patrocinio, Lucas Gomes; Goulart, Isabela Maria Bernardes; Goulart, Luiz Ricardo; Patrocinio, Jose Aantonio; Ferreira, Frederico Rogerio; Fleury, Raul Negrao Title: Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in nasal mucosa biopsies by the polymerase chain reaction ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2005. 6 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Several discoveries about leprosy indicate that Mycobacterium leprae transmission mainly occurs by inhalation, and the nose is major port of entry and exit. The present study evaluated the clinical application of PCR for detection of M. leprae DNA in nasal mucosa biopsies in untreated leprosy patients (52) and their contacts (99) from the State Reference Center in Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. PCR detection of a 372-base pair DNA fragment from M. leprae was accomplished in 36 (69.2%) patients, from which 34 (91.9%) of them were multibacillaries. Furthermore, PCR was positive in 3 (16.7%) of 18 slit-skin smear negative, 4 (25.0%) of 16 skin lesion BI negative, 8 (33.3%) of 24 nasal mucosa BI negative patients, and 10 of 99 contacts (10.1%). The presence of bacilli in 10.1% of the contacts may potentially reflect an occult leprosy, and these patients must be accompanied, followed by a chemoprophylaxy treatment. Considering all PCR results against clinical and BI classification of patients and controls, we have found a sensitivity of 69.2%, a specificity of 89.9%, and an accuracy of 82.8%. It has been demonstrated here through PCR of nasal biopsies that the bacillus invades the mucosa, passing through the nasal inferior turbinate to reach peripheral blood. Therefore, the molecular investigation of invasive nasal biopsies by PCR tests has proven to be useful in defining patients of higher risk of transmission and risk-group contacts, which is an important step to reach the World Health Organization objective towards the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem. (AU). Descriptors: Biópsia Brasil/EP DNA Bacteriano/AN Hanseníase/*DI/EP/MI Mycobacterium leprae/GE/*IP Mucosa Nasal/*MI/PA Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/* Fatores de Risco Sensibilidade e Especificidade Limits: Estudo Comparativo Humanos Location: BR191.1; 09345/s

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Id: 17564 Author: Kramme, Stefanie; Bretzel, Gisela; Panning, Marcus; Kawuma, Joseph; Drosten, Christian Title: Detection and quantification of Mycobacterium leprae in tissue samples by real-time PCR ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2004. 5 p. tab, graf. Abstract: Real-time PCR technology has improved molecular diagnostics of many pathogens, but no such test is available for Mycobacterium leprae. In this report we describe the establishment and the pre-clinical evaluation of such an assay. The test achieved a theoretical analytical sensitivity limit of 194 M. leprae cells per skin biopsy specimen and facilitated quantification of mycobacteria in tissue over a range of 54-54,000,000 cells per sample. In punch skin biopsies from 39 untreated Ugandan patients with newly diagnosed leprosy, the clinical diagnosis could be confirmed in 88.9% of multibacillary and 33.3% of paucibacillary (microscopically negative) patients. Real-time detection thus did not increase the clinical sensitivity of PCR as compared to conventional protocols, in spite of its evidently high analytical sensitivity. On the other hand, as still no culture system exists for M. leprae, the assay appears to be a robust tool for detection of the bacterium in selected clinical situations, as well as for quantitation in experimental settings. (AU). Descriptors: Antígenos de Bactérias/GE Proteínas de Bactérias/GE Biópsia DNA Bacteriano/CH/IP Hanseníase/*DI/MI Dados de Sequência Molecular Mycobacterium leprae/GE/*IP Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/*MT Sensibilidade e Especificidade Alinhamento de Sequência Análise de Sequência de DNA Pele/MI Uganda Limits: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Humanos Location: BR191.1; 09344/s

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Id: 17554 Author: Young, Saroj K; Taylor, G. Michael; Jain, Suman; Suneetha, Lavanya M; Suneetha, Sujai; Lockwood, Diana N. J; Young, Douglas B Title: Microsatellite mapping of Mycobacterium leprae populations in infected humans ..- Source: s.l; s.n; Nov. 2004. 6 p. ilus, mapas, tab. Abstract: To investigate genetic diversity in a bacterial population, we measured the copy numbers of simple sequence repeats, or microsatellites, in Mycobacterium leprae from patients living in and around Hyderabad, India. Three microsatellite loci containing trinucleotide or dinucleotide repeats were amplified from infected tissues, and the copy numbers were established by sequence analysis. Extensive diversity was observed in a cross-sectional survey of 33 patients, but closely related profiles were found for members of a multicase family likely to share a common transmission source. Sampling of multiple tissues from single individuals demonstrated identical microsatellite profiles in the skin, nasal cavity, and bloodstream but revealed differences at one or more loci for M. leprae present in nerves. Microsatellite mapping of M. leprae represents a useful tool for tracking short transmission chains. Comparison of skin and nerve lesions suggests that the evolution of disease within an individual involves the expansion of multiple distinct subpopulations of M. leprae. (AU). Descriptors: Técnica de Tipagem Bacteriana/* Estudos Transversais Família Dosagem de Genes Hanseníase/EP/*MI/*TM Repetições de Microssatélites/*GE Mycobacterium leprae/*CL/*GE Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Especificidade de Espécies Variação (Genética)/* Limits: HUMANO MASCULINO FEMININO SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Location: BR191.1; 09333/s

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Id: 17319 Author: Stefani, Mariane M. A; Martelli, Celina M. T; Gillis, Thomas P; Krahenbuhl, James L Title: In situ type 1 cytokine gene expression and mechanism associated with early leprosy progression ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 8 p. ilus. Abstract: We explored the prognostic value of in situ cytokine patterns in 39 patients with single-skin-lesion paucibacillary leprosy before single-dose therapy, with 3 years of follow-up. Interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha mRNA was quantified in skin biopsy samples at diagnosis, and Mycobacterium leprae DNA was detected in 51.4% of cases. Type 1 immunity predominance with measurable IFN-gamma and undetectable IL-4, which is indicative of effective cell-mediated immunity, is compatible with both the reversal reactions (33.3%) and the resolution of lesions (64.1%) observed. A positive correlation between IL-12 and IFN-gamma indicated type 1 polarization via IL-12. The TNF-alpha/MIP-1alpha correlation implied the TNF-alpha induction of chemokines, which is important for granuloma formation. Positive correlations between key regulatory cytokines-IL-10 and IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-12, and IL-10 and TNF-alpha-suggests that there may be some level of an intralesional pro- or anti-inflammatory mechanism essential in avoiding immunopathology. (AU). Descriptors: Anticorpos Antibacterianos/BL Biópsia Estudos de Coortes Citocinas/BI/*GE/IM Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/*IM Hanseníase/DT/*GE/IM Minociclina/TU Mycobacterium leprae/*GE/IM Ofloxacino/TU Prognóstico RNA Mensageiro/BI/GE RNA Viral/BI/GE Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa Rifampina/TU Limits: Adolescente Adulto Criança Feminino Humano Masculino Células Th1/IM Location: BR191.1; 01884/s

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Id: 17311 Author: Montiel, Rafael; Gacia, Carlos; Canadas, Maria P; Isidro, Albert; Guijo, Jose M; Malgosa, Assumpcio Title: DNA sequences of Mycobacterium leprae recovered from ancient bones ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 2 p. . Descriptors: Osso e Ossos/*MI DNA Bacteriano/*AN Sequências Repetitivas Dispersas Hanseníase/*HI/MI Mycobacterium leprae/*GE/*IP Paleopatologia/MT Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Mapeamento por Restrição Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico Espanha Limits: Adulto História da Medicina Medieval Humano Location: BR191.1; 01905/s

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Id: 17307 Author: Beyene, D; Aseffa, A; Harboe, M; Kidane, D; MacDonald, M; Klatser, P. R; Bjune, G. A; Smith, W. C. S Title: Nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in healthy individuals in Lega Robi village, Ethiopia ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 8 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: The number of registered leprosy patients world-wide has decreased dramatically after extensive application of WHO recommended Multiple Drug Therapy (MDT). The annual number of new cases has, however, been almost unchanged in several populations, indicating that the infection is still present at community level. Nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae DNA was studied in Lega Robi village in Ethiopia. MDT had been applied for more than ten years, and 718 residents over 5 years old were eligible for the study. During the first survey nasal swab samples were collected from 664 (92.5%) individuals. The results of a Peptide Nucleic Acid-ELISA test for M. leprae DNA interpreted by stringent statistical criteria were available for 589 (88.7%) subjects. Thirty-five (5.9%) individuals without clinical signs of leprosy were positive for M. leprae DNA. Seven PCR positive individuals lived in a household where one or two other members were also positive for M. leprae DNA. During a second survey 8 (46%) of 175 interpretable PNA-ELISA tests were positive. Of 137 individuals tested twice, only two were positive on both occasions whereas 10 were PCR positive only once. The study confirms the widespread distribution of M. leprae DNA in healthy individuals. The feasibility of curbing possible transmission of subclinical infection needs further consideration. (AU). Descriptors: DNA Bacteriano/*AN ELISA Etiópia/EP Mycobacterium leprae/*IP Nariz/*MI Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Hanseníase/*EP/TM Limits: Adolescente Adulto Idoso Portador/*EP/MI Criança Feminino Humano Masculino Meia-Idade Location: BR191.1. 1946/s

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Id: 17284 Author: Moraes, M. O; Sarno, E. N; Almeida, A. S; Saraiva, B. C. C; Nery, J. A. C; Martins, R. C. L; Sampaio, E. P Title: Cytokine mRNA expression in leprosy; a possible role for interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 in reaction (RR and ENL) ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1999. 9 p. tab, graf, ilus. Abstract: Leprosy patients during the natural course of the disease may develop reactional episodes, namely reversal reaction (RR) and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). Immunological events described as occurring during RR indicate up-regulation of the immune response, whereas in ENL the events are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the in vivo pattern of cytokine gene expression in the reactional states of leprosy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n = 14) and tissue samples (n = 17) obtained from patients with ENL and RR were obtained and assayed by RT-PCR. PBMC obtained from unreactional patients (n = 15) and normal individuals (n = 5) were also assessed. Expression of interferon (IFN)gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-2Rp55, perforin and IL-1beta mRNA in PBMC were detected mostly in ENL/RR patients, but not in unreactional patients. Likewise, cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and TNFbeta were also present in reactional and tuberculoid patients as opposed to lepromatous leprosy (BL/LL). Interestingly, the majority of ENL/RR patients showed messages for IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNFalpha in the skin. IFNgamma was detected in 84.6% (ENL) and 100% (RR) of the patients, whereas IL-4 was detected only in few individuals (38.5 and 25%, respectively). Although mRNA expression and protein levels may be different, the data reported in this study suggest a cytokine mRNA profile that seems to be indistinguishable for RR and ENL. In addition, it shows up-regulation of immuno-inflammatory cytokines in the blood and tissue of the same patient examined before and during reaction. Furthermore, it is suggested that this pattern of response results from an immunological reactivation that might lead to an acute inflammatory response in both reactional episodes. (AU). Descriptors: Sequência de Bases Estudos de Casos e Controles Citocinas/*GE Primers do DNA/GE Expressão Gênica Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos-Macrófagos/GE Interferon Tipo II/*GE Interleucina-12/*GE Hanseníase/*GE/*IM Glicoproteínas de Membrana/GE Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase RNA Mensageiro/BL/*GE/*ME Limits: Humano Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Location: BR191.1; 09183/s

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Id: 17283 Author: Osaki, Mitsuhiko; Adachi, Hironobu; Gomyo, Yoshihito; Yoshida, Haruhiko; Ito, Hisao Title: Detection of mycobacterial DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens by duplex polymerase chain reaction: application to histopathologic diagnosis ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1997. 6 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Granuloma is a chronic inflammatory process associated with noninfectious agents or infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Determination of the causative agent might be occasionally difficult in histopathologic sections. In this study, we examined 60 specimens of granuloma or inflammatory lesions that were originally diagnosed as 51 cases of granulomatous inflammation, 6 of leprosy, and 3 of atypical mycobacteriosis. The diagnoses in the last two categories were made both histologically and clinically. All of the sections and DNA were prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were compared with the results of duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two primers to amplify mycobacterial-common 383-base pair (bp) DNA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex-specific 240-bp DNA. Six samples of leprosy and three of atypical mycobacteriosis showed the 383-bp but not the 240-bp band. Among the 51 specimens of granulomatous inflammations, nine showed no band of even the beta-globin, the cases being excluded from this analysis. The 42 specimens of granulomatous inflammation were subdivided into three categories by PCR: (1) 383- and 240-bp positive; (2) 383-bp positive and 240-bp negative; and (3) both negative. Category 1 included 32 specimens (76.2%), being considered as tuberculosis. One specimen was classified into Category 2, indicating possible atypical mycobacterium. Category 3 included nine specimens, composed of five of sarcoidosis and four other agent-induced granulomas, when compared with histologic and clinical findings. These findings indicate that the PCR assay using DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded materials provides useful information to differentiate tuberculosis from other type of granulomas. (AU). Descriptors: Primers do DNA DNA Bacteriano/*AN Diagnóstico Diferencial Fixadores Formaldeído Granuloma/*DI Micobactérias Atípicas/GE Mycobacterium/*GE Mycobacterium leprae/GE Mycobacterium tuberculosis/GE Inclusão em Parafina Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Tuberculose/*DI Limits: Humano Location: BR191.1; 09184/s

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Id: 17278 Author: Kim, Se-Kom; Lee, Seong-Beom; Kang, Tae-Jin; Chae, Gue-Tae Title: Detection of gene mutations related with drug resistance in Mycobacterium leprae from leprosy patients using Touch-Down (TD) PCR ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 6 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: The lack of methods to identify Mycobacterium leprae with the resistance against multi-drugs quickly and specifically has hindered effective chemotherapy against M. leprae infection. To screen M. leprae with resistance against multi-drugs, the Touch-Down (TD)-PCR has been used in this study. Sequences of the folP, rpoA, B, and gyrA, B genes were analyzed for isolates of M. leprae from leprosy patients in Korea. We amplified designated region of several genes in M. leprae involved in drug resistance and could obtain the PCR products of each gene. The mutations in the particular region of folP, rpoB, and gyrB gene were certified by TD-PCR single-stranded conformational polymorphism and DNA sequencing, respectively. (AU). Descriptors: DNA Bacteriano Resistência Bacteriana a Múltiplas Drogas Hansenostáticos Hanseníase Mycobacterium leprae Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Polimorfismo (Genética) Polimorfismo Conformacional de Simples Fita Análise de Sequência de DNA Limits: Humano Coréia (geográfico) Mutação Puntual Location: BR191.1; 09178/s

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Id: 17276 Author: Qinxue, Wu; Xinyu, Li; Wei, Hou; Tao, Li; Yaoping, Ying; Jinping, Zhang; Xiuling, Cai; Ganyun, Ye Title: A study on PCR for detecting infection with M. leprae ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1999. 5 p. tab. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: So far, it has not been established a satisfactory method for early diagnosis and studying on epidemiology for leprosy, we want to develop a molecular biological method for solving this point. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the M. leprae gene coding groEL, 65 kD and 16S rRNA, three polymerase chain reactions were developed by using Plikaytis', Woods' and Pattyn's procedures. It was optimized that the experimental parameters for each PCR, and a comparative study on practivity among three PCRs was also conducted for practical purpose. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For detecting infection with M. leprae, all of PCRs established by us were highly sensitive and specific, but for practical purpose, the Woods' PCR optimized by us ought to be chosen firstly. (AU). Descriptors: Estudo Comparativo Primers do DNA DNA Bacteriano/GE Proteína GroEL/GE Hanseníase/*DI/GE/MI Mycobacterium leprae/*GE Mycobacterium tuberculosis/GE Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/*MT RNA Ribossômico 16S/GE Sensibilidade e Especificidade Limits: Humano Location: BR191.1; 09175/s

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Id: 17275 Author: Bleharski, Joshua R; Li, Huiying; Meinken, Cristoph; Graeber, Thomas G; Ochoa, Maria-Teresa; Yamamura, Masahiro; Burdick, Anne; Sarno, Euzenir N; Wagner, Manfred; Röllinghoff, Martin; Rea, Thomas H; Colonna, Marco; Stenger, Steffen; Bloom, Barry R; Eisenberg, David; Modlin, Robert L Title: Use of genetic profiling in leprosy to discriminate clinical forms of the disease ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 4 p. . Abstract: Leprosy presents as a clinical and immunological spectrum of disease. With the use of gene expression profiling, we observed that a distinction in gene expression correlates with and accurately classifies the clinical form of the disease. Genes belonging to the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family were significantly up-regulated in lesions of lepromatous patients suffering from the disseminated form of the infection. In functional studies, LIR-7 suppressed innate host defense mechanisms by shifting monocyte production from interleukin-12 toward interleukin-10 and by blocking antimicrobial activity triggered by Toll-like receptors. Gene expression profiles may be useful in defining clinical forms of disease and providing insights into the regulation of immune responses to pathogens. (AU). Descriptors: Algoritmos Análise por Conglomerados Contagem de Colônia Microbiana Citocinas/GE/ME Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/* Regulação da Expressão Gênica/* Genes de Imunoglobulinas Imunidade Celular Imunidade Natural Hanseníase Virchowiana/*CL/*GE/IM/PP Hanseníase Tuberculóide/*CL/*GE/IM/PP Macrófagos Alveolares/MI Glicoproteínas de Membrana/IM Mycobacterium tuberculosis/GD/IM Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Análise de Componente Principal Receptores da Superfície Celular/IM Receptores Imunológicos/GE/ME Limits: Humano Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Regulação para Cima Location: BR191.1; 09174/s

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